Keras

Keras is a high-level neural networks API originally independent but later integrated into TensorFlow as its official interface. Known for its user-friendly design, it is ideal for rapid prototyping and supports various model architectures like CNNs and RNNs, running on TensorFlow or Theano backends.

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Scikit-learn

Scikit-learn is a simple and efficient machine learning library that provides various supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms, such as classification, regression, clustering, and dimensionality reduction. Built on NumPy and SciPy, it is widely used in data mining and analysis, suitable for both beginners and industry applications.

TensorFlow

TensorFlow is an open-source deep learning framework developed by Google for building and training neural network models. It supports automatic differentiation, GPU acceleration, and distributed computing, making it suitable for end-to-end development from research to production. The Keras API further simplifies the model-building process.

PyTorch

PyTorch is a dynamic computation graph-based deep learning framework developed by Facebook (Meta), popular among researchers for its flexibility and ease of use. It supports tensor operations, automatic differentiation, and GPU acceleration, with modules like TorchVision and TorchText for image and text modeling.